Which of the following factors does NOT typically influence climate?

Population density does not typically influence climate. Climate is primarily determined by natural physical factors, including latitude, altitude, and proximity to oceans. Latitude influences the amount of sunlight received at different locations on Earth, affecting temperature and seasonal variations. Altitude affects climate because higher elevations generally experience cooler temperatures and different precipitation patterns compared to lower elevations. Proximity to oceans also plays a significant role, as large bodies of water moderate coastal temperatures, creating milder climates compared to inland areas.

In contrast, while population density can affect local environmental conditions, such as heat islands in urban areas, it does not have a direct impact on climate patterns like the other factors mentioned. Climate systems function on larger geographical scales, making population density less significant in shaping the overall climate of a region.