What is the process of transforming liquid water from the Earth’s surface into a gas known as?

The process of transforming liquid water from the Earth's surface into a gas is known as evaporation. This occurs when water molecules at the surface gain enough energy, typically from heat, to escape into the air as water vapor. Evaporation is a critical part of the water cycle, playing a vital role in regulating climate and weather patterns.

It is important to note that evaporation primarily takes place from bodies of water like lakes, rivers, and oceans, but it can also occur from soil and other surfaces. Factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and surface area all influence the rate of evaporation, making it a dynamic and essential process in the Earth's ecosystem.