What is the primary cause of acid precipitation?

The primary cause of acid precipitation is pollution from industrial activities. This phenomenon occurs when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are emitted into the atmosphere, typically from the burning of fossil fuels in power plants, vehicles, and various industrial processes. When these gases combine with water vapor in the atmosphere, they undergo chemical reactions that produce sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids then fall to the ground as acid rain or acid snow, leading to harmful environmental effects such as damage to aquatic ecosystems, soil degradation, and harm to vegetation.

Understanding the role of industrial pollution is crucial in addressing acid precipitation and mitigating its impacts. In contrast, natural erosion processes, volcanic eruptions, and soil degradation contribute to environmental changes but are not the primary drivers of acid precipitation. Natural erosion refers to the weathering of rocks and minerals, while volcanic eruptions can release sulfur compounds, but to a lesser extent and less frequently than industrial output. Soil degradation pertains to the decline in soil quality and does not directly lead to acid precipitation but may be worsened by its effects.