What is the name for the removal of chemical ions, especially calcium, from the water?

The process referred to in the question involves the removal of chemical ions, particularly calcium, from water, which is specifically known as corrosion or solution. In geology and environmental science, corrosion often occurs when water interacts with various minerals, causing the dissolution of soluble substances, including calcium ions from rocks and sediments. This process is essential in shaping aquatic environments and contributes to water hardness when calcium is present in higher concentrations.

Corrosion or solution plays a significant role in various natural water processes, including the formation of caves and karst landscapes, where calcium carbonate is dissolved over time. This removal of ions from water can impact water quality, groundwater systems, and the overall chemistry of aquatic environments.

The other options, while related to water processes, do not accurately describe the specific action of removing chemical ions from water. Filtration pertains to the physical separation of particulates from water rather than the ion removal at the chemical level. Evaporation is the process of water turning into vapor, which does not involve chemical ion removal, and infiltration relates to the movement of water into the soil and does not focus on ion extraction.