What is the cycle of water between the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere called?

The cycle of water between the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere is known as the hydrological cycle. This term accurately encompasses the comprehensive movement of water through various phases and locations within the Earth's system, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

In this cycle, water transitions between its liquid, solid, and gaseous states as it moves through different environments. For instance, when water evaporates from oceans, it enters the atmosphere and eventually forms clouds through condensation. When the clouds become heavy, they release water back to the surface as precipitation, which then contributes to rivers, lakes, and groundwater in the lithosphere and supports life in the biosphere.

The other terms, while related to water, do not capture the full extent of the process. The term "water cycle" is often used interchangeably with the hydrological cycle, but the latter is the more scientifically accurate choice when describing the entire system. "Rain cycle" is misleading as it suggests only the precipitation phase, omitting other critical processes. "Climate cycle" refers to broader climatic patterns, not specifically the movement of water itself. Thus, the hydrological cycle is the most precise term to describe this intricate and vital process.