Social inequality is best defined as:

Social inequality is best understood as the condition where there is an unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different groups within a society. This phenomenon can manifest in various forms, including economic, educational, and healthcare disparities, leading to significant variances in quality of life and access to essential services among different segments of the population.

The root of social inequality can be identified in factors such as wealth, race, gender, and geographic location, which often result in systemic barriers for certain groups. For instance, marginalized communities may face limited access to quality education and employment opportunities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and social disadvantage.

Understanding social inequality is crucial as it highlights the challenges faced by specific demographics and underscores the need for policies aimed at addressing these disparities and fostering a more equitable society. The other options, while touching on important concepts, either imply a notion of fairness and equality that does not capture the essence of social inequality or focus on justice measures that may not necessarily address the underlying systemic issues.