How do weather and climate differ?

The distinction between weather and climate is fundamentally based on the time scale and the nature of the atmospheric conditions being described. Weather refers to the short-term state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time, encompassing day-to-day variations in temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind. It can change rapidly, such as experiencing sunshine in the morning and rain by the afternoon.

In contrast, climate is the long-term average of these atmospheric conditions over extended periods, typically taken over 30 years or more. It represents the expected weather patterns for a particular region, allowing for an understanding of trends and averages over time, such as seasonal changes or long-term shifts in temperature and precipitation.

This clear differentiation helps in studies related to environmental science, agriculture, and even urban planning, as understanding short-term weather patterns can assist in immediate decision-making, whereas knowledge of climate is crucial for broader, long-term strategic planning.