What does "environmental degradation" refer to?

Environmental degradation refers to the deterioration of the environment through the depletion of natural resources, the destruction of ecosystems, and the pollution of air, water, and land. This phenomenon can result from various human activities such as industrialization, deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion. When the environment degrades, it can lead to loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, water scarcity, and significant health problems for both humans and wildlife.

In contrast, the other choices illustrate concepts that do not align with environmental degradation. Economic growth through resource exploitation can often lead to degradation rather than representing it. The improvement of urban living conditions typically involves enhancing the environment, not degrading it, while the growth of green spaces in cities is a positive environmental trend aimed at countering degradation, promoting sustainability, and enhancing urban ecosystems.